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process by gathering site specific information about the flora and fauna. A seabed assessment typically consists
of desktop studies, geohazards studies, a geophysical study, and a geotechnical study.

The desktop and geohazards studies are the preparatory stages of the process. The studies aim to gather the
available site information to inform subsequent stages of the process. They also address environmental issues
and permitting related to the potential environmental impact of the geophysical/geotechnical assessments.
The Geophysical assessment involves using specialist vessels and tools like magnetometers, sonar, and seismic
devices to carry out detailed mapping of the seabed. Drop down video and aerial photography could also be
used to gather additional information. Information is gathered about factors such as sediment characteristics,
sub-bottom layers and existence of voids (underwater caves). Drop down video will help to identify any
potential undiscovered cultural heritage sites such as shipwrecks and will also help to observe any animal
and plant species that are present.

The Geotechnical assessment is usually a more detailed survey including the use of specialised techniques such
as cone penetration testing and borehole investigations. This survey aims to provide a conclusive information
about the characteristics of the seabed at the proposed locations for wind turbine placements.

After consultations with seabed assessment providers, the RA concluded that as part of the de-risking activities
at the pre-procurement phase, it is prudent to undertake activities up to and including the geophysical
assessment. This assessment is anticipated to yield a sufficient level of certainty that will allow developers
to more accurately assess the prospects of the project. The geotechnical assessment, which involves more
location specific investigations, can be deferred, and left to a potential developer to conduct, once a detailed
project design is in place and there is more clarity about the exact turbine placements.

4. CONCLUSION
The RA’s view is that the exploration of offshore wind energy in Bermuda holds the potential to bring about
significant advancements in several critical areas, including substantial progress toward decarbonisation,
strengthened energy security, and potential improvements in air quality. However, it is crucial to acknowledge
that the establishment of an offshore wind farm carries inherent risks, particularly in regions characterised
by low average wind speeds and uncertainties regarding seabed conditions. While the development of an
offshore wind farm carries certain risks, the RA is actively implementing measures to mitigate them.

The RA adopted a procurement model which includes additional preliminary studies in the pre-procurement
stage, namely wind measurement and seabed assessment, to effectively reduce the number of unknown
factors that potential developers would typically face and aim to make the project a more attractive investment.
Furthermore, this innovative procurement model could serve as a blueprint for other jurisdictions within
the Caribbean facing similar challenges. By adopting such a model, other islands in the Caribbean could also
improve how attractive their offshore wind projects are to developers which is a critical step to achieving
progress towards their renewable energy ambitions.

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