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CONCLUSION
Self-Generators will continue to form a significant part of the grid of the future. They provide a means of
energy security, resilience, cost savings and overall reduction on emissions. An influx of the amount of PV
System installations that are interconnected to the Utility Grid without approval from the Government or
Utility has exposed the Jamaica Public Service Co. Ltd to various safety, operational and planning risks. It was
therefore only a matter of time before a system would be put in place to provide a monitoring solution so that
these problems can properly be addressed. It is our hope that from this system, an attempt can be made to
regularize these connections and ensure compliance with the regulations set in place and furthermore allow
us to gain valuable information on the patterns of these Self Generators.

REFERENCES
Sánchez, E. R. (2023, 1 31). The Caribbean doubles its installed renewable power capacity in ten years. Retrieved from University of
Navarra: https://en.unav.edu/web/global-affairs/el-caribe-dobla-en-diez-anos-su-potencia-instalada-de-renovables
Bai, F., Cui, Y., & Yan, R. (2022). Frequency Response of PV Inverters Toward High Renewable Penetrated Distribution Networks.
CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems.
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). (2022). Renewable Energy Statistics 2022. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable
Energy Agency (IRENA).
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). (2023). Renewable Energy & Jobs Annual Review 2023. Abu Dhabi: International
Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).
Jamaica Public Service Co. Ltd. (2022). Jamaica Public Service Co. Ltd. Annual Report 2022. Kingston: Jamaica Public Service Co. Ltd.
Majeed, I. B., & Nwulu, N. I. (2022). Impact of Reverse Power Flow on Distributed Transformers in a Solar-Photovoltaic-Integrated
Low-Voltage Network.
Ministry of Science, Energy, Technology and Transport. (2016). NET BILLING, ELECTRIC POWER WHEELING AND AUXILIARY
CONNECTIONS GRID-INTERCONNECTION PROGRAMME. Kingston: Ministry of Science, Energy, Technology and Transport.
Office of Utilities Regulation. (2020). Electricity Wheeling Tariff Methodology. Kingston: Office of Utilities Regulation.
Tavakoli, A., & Arif, M. T. (2020). Impacts of grid integration of solar PV and electric vehicle on grid stability, power quality and energy
economics: a review. IET Energy Systems Integration.
You , S., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., & Su, Y. (n.d.). Impact of High PV Penetration on U.S. Eastern Interconnection Frequency Response.
Tennessee: University of Tennessee,Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Antonio Johnson is a recent graduate of the University of Technology Jamaica where he
pursued a Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Computer Engineering and presented
a thesis on the “Real Time Monitoring of Tap Changer Tap Position in Power Transformers.”
This project aimed to demonstrate how tap position can be used as decision variables in
the Optimal Power Flow problem. He is passionate about Power System Planning, Design
and Operation which led him to a one-year Engineering Internship with the Jamaica Public
Service Company Ltd. He has had the privilege of working with highly skilled engineers
using the latest technologies for grid management, control, and simulation. He has also been able to work
on several projects which include Technical Bid Evaluation, Grid Performance Analysis, Protection Relay
Upgrades, Smart Meter Infrastructure Maintenance and most recently the Real Time Monitoring of Self
Generators. Antonio has now matriculated from an Engineering Intern to a Network Planning Engineer.
He also has professional certifications in Substation Design from the Engineering Institute of Technology,
Australia.

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